颅脑外伤合并多发伤患者的生存状况研究

目的探讨颅脑外伤合并多发伤患者生存状况的影响因素,以指导临床预后判断和治疗。方法根据预后不同将我院收治的142例颅脑外伤合并多发伤患者分为生存组和死亡组,采用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析影响患者预后的因素。结果单因素分析表明,收缩压、GCS评分、伤后时间、血糖、颅内压、合并伤部位是颅脑外伤合并多发伤患者预后的影响因素,多因素Logistic回归分析表明收缩压70mmHg、GCS评分≤8分、伤后时间≥5h、血糖≥1 3mmol/L、合并胸腹部联合伤是颅脑外伤合并多发伤患者预后的独立危险因素。结论患者的伤情、伤后时间、并发症是影响颅脑外伤合并多发伤患者预后的关键所在,应当尽早救治,并重视并发症的治疗。     

肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1对60Co γ射线照射大鼠小肠上皮细胞IEC-6增殖的影响及相关机制研究

目的探索60Co γ射线诱导大鼠小肠上皮细胞(IEC-6)中CPT1A和CPT1B蛋白表达变化, 并进一步研究肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT1)变化对受照细胞增殖的影响及相关分子机制。方法 IEC-6细胞经棕榈酸、血清饥饿以及血清饥饿联合棕榈酸处理后, 给予0、5、10或15 Gy60Co γ射线照射, 照射后24 h收集细胞并提取蛋白, 利用Western blot方法检测CPT1A和CPT1B蛋白的表达水平变化;ETO是CPT1的小分子抑制剂, 利用克隆形成率实验和CCK-8实验分析ETO抑制CPT1对60Co γ射线照射IEC-6细胞存活及增殖的影响;利用Western blot方法检测5 Gy60Co γ射线照射ETO处理IEC-6细胞48 h后细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)蛋白表达及磷酸化水平变化。结果棕榈酸处理组中, CPT1A蛋白在15 Gy γ射线照射后表达量显著增加(t=-2.82, P<0.05)。血清饥饿处理组中, CPT1A蛋白在5、10和15 Gy γ射线照射后表达量明显升高(t=-3.28、-8.72、-8.67...     

翻转课堂在骨科教学中的可行性及必要性分析

翻转课堂目前已逐渐成为教育领域的关注焦点,但在医学教育领域内,目前该技术应用不多。该文介绍了翻转课堂的由来、特点,重点讨论了在骨科教学中应用的可行性、必要性,并分析了目前推广应用该技术的难点和障碍所在,旨在推动医学教育的不断发展。     

120例糖尿病足溃疡临床特点及危险因素的回顾性研究

目的：：回顾性分析糖尿病足溃疡(DFU)的临床特点及其危险因素。方法：分析我科收治的120例糖尿病足溃疡患者临床特点,并采用多因素logistic回归分析足溃疡的危险因素。结果：本研究共纳入120例DFU患者,平均年龄69.10±15.83岁,其中72人痊愈(60.0%),39人好转(32.5%),9人未愈(7.5%)。经多因素logistic回归分析显示DFU的危险因素有糖尿病外周动脉病变(DPA)、糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)、高血压(HP)、糖尿病肾病(DN)、男性、年龄、农民、糖尿病(DM)病程。结论：加强对糖尿病患者个体化和综合管理,及时干预各种危险因素,对预防足溃疡的发生意义大。     

二甲双胍对糖尿病非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肝脏内脏脂肪素表达的作用

目的观察二甲双胍对糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝病大鼠肝脏内脏脂肪素表达的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠,分为正常对照(NC)组、肥胖(OB)组、糖尿病(DM)组和二甲双胍治疗(MET)组。所有大鼠均测FBG、TG、TC、LCL-C、FFA、FIns,计算HOMA-IR指数。采用RT-PCR测定肝脏内脂素mRNA表达,Western blotting测定蛋白表达,H.E.染色后观察肝脏病理变化。结果 OB组及DM组FBG、TG、TC、LCL-C、FFA、FIns、HOMA-IR均增高(P<0.05),ISI显著减低(P<0.01),肝脏发生脂肪变性。MET组上述指标均显著下降。DM组大鼠肝脏内脂素mRNA及蛋白表达较NC组及OB组均显著增高(P<0.05),MET组较DM组显著降低(P<0.01),肝脏脂肪变性程度减轻。结论二甲双胍能减轻糖尿病大鼠肝脏脂肪变性,可能与降低了肝脏visfatin的表达有关。     

微小RNA-320a通过靶向FoxM1调控肝癌细胞迁移

目的：探讨微小RNA-320a (miR-320a)在肝癌细胞中对癌基因FoxM1的靶向调控作用以及对肝癌细胞迁移能力的影响,为肝癌治疗提供新的靶点。方法通过信息学工具网站http：//www.microRNA.org找到可能靶向调控FoxM1表达的微小RNA;利用蛋白印记和双荧光素酶报告基因试验验证miR-320a对FoxM1的调控作用;采用Transwell小室分析miR-320a和FoxM1对肝癌细胞迁移的影响。结果信息学分析表明,miR-320a在FoxM1的3'端非翻译区存在2个潜在结合位点。蛋白印迹实验显示miR-320a降低FoxM1在肝癌细胞中的蛋白水平,双荧光素酶报告基因试验显示miR-320a可以调控FoxM1表达。miR-320a类似物对FoxM1表达有下调作用（P<0.01）,miR-320a抑制物对FoxM1表达有上调作用（P<0.05）。Transwell试验表明miR-320a类似物可抑制肝癌细胞株Huh7、HCC-LM3的迁移能力,miR-320a抑制物可增加Huh7、HCC-LM3的迁移能力。当使用小干扰RNA下调FoxM1在这些细胞株中的表达后,miR-320a类似物和miR-320a抑制物对肝癌细胞迁移能力的调控作用明显减弱。结论 miR-320a有抑制肝癌细胞迁移的作用,这种抑制作用是通过靶向调控癌基因FoxM1来实现的。     

超声复合微泡促进骨髓间充质干细胞归巢对大鼠前列腺炎的治疗作用

目的 研究静脉注射骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)对大鼠前列腺炎的治疗作用.方法 贴壁法分离、培养、扩增BMSCs.将50只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为慢性细菌性前列腺炎(chronic bacterial prostatitis,CBP)组、CBP+BMSCs组、CBP+超声复合微泡(microbubble-enhanced therapeutic ultrasound,MEUS)组、CBP+ MEUS+ BMSCs组和正常对照组,每组10只.在小动物超声引导下向大鼠前列腺两侧叶内注射大肠埃希菌建立前列腺炎症模型,注入细菌1～14 d为急性炎症期,4～ 12周为慢性炎症期,对照组注入等量PBS.建模28 d后经静脉单纯注入BMSCs、单纯行MEUS及行MEUS+注入BMSCs,活体成像观察BMSCs向前列腺归巢情况.观察移植BMSCs 2周后大鼠前列腺组织病理学变化并作炎症评分,RT-PCR检测炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α mRNA,ELISA检测IL-1β、TNF-α蛋白含量,统计分析各组表达差异.结果 前列腺组织病理学提示CBP组、CBP+ BMSCs组、CBP+ MEUS组前列腺呈典型炎症病理变化,腺管上皮增生,层次增加,炎细胞浸润,纤维组织增生,而CBP+ MEUS+ BMSCs组大鼠前列腺炎症明显减轻.RT-PCR检测结果提示CBP组炎症因子IL-1β(0.282±0.067)、TNF-α(0.631 ±0.116),CBP+BMSCs组IL-1[β(0.893 ±0.117)、TNF-α(0.876 ±0.137),CBP+ MEUS组IL-1β(0.683 ±0.097)、TNF-α(0.814±0.127)高于正常对照组IL-1β(0.282±0.067)、TNF-α(0.256±0.059)和CBP+MEUS+BMSCs组IL-1β(0.322±0.086)、TNF-α(0.313 ±0.079) (P ＜0.05);ELISA检测结果显示CBP组炎症因子IL-1β[(315.14±86.08) pg/mL]、TNF-α[(86.41 ±24.32) pg/mL],CBP+BMSCs组IL-1 β[(278.87±72.04) pg/mL]、TNF-α[(67.77±16.98) pg/mL],CBP+ MEUS组IL-1 β[(321.24 ±93.12) pg/mL]、TNF-α[(79.14±19.17) pg/mL]含量均显著高于正常对照组[IL-1β(43.36±11.35) pg/mL、TNF-α(13.26±3.97) pg/mL]和CBP+MEUS+BMSCs组[IL-1 β (65.34±17.23) pg/mL、TNF-α(19.94±5.37) pg/mL],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而CBP+ MEUS+ BMSCs组与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 超声复合微泡促进BMSCs向前列腺归巢,能够减轻前列腺炎症反应,可能为前列腺炎的治疗带来新策略.     

Could widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy eradicate HIV epidemics?

Current combination antiretroviral therapies (ARV) are widely used to treat HIV. However drug-resistant strains of HIV have quickly evolved, and the level of risky behaviour has increased in certain communities. Hence, currently the overall impact that ARV will have on HIV epidemics remains unclear. We have used a mathematical model to predict whether the current therapies: are reducing the severity of HIV epidemics, and could even lead to eradication of a high-prevalence (30%) epidemic. We quantified the epidemic-level impact of ARV on reducing epidemic severity by deriving the basic reproduction number (R(0)(ARV)). R(0)(ARV) specifies the average number of new infections that one HIV case generates during his lifetime when ARV is available and ARV-resistant strains can evolve and be transmitted; if R(0)(ARV) is less than one epidemic eradication is possible. We estimated for the HIV epidemic in the San Francisco gay community (using uncertainty analysis), the present day value of R(0)(ARV), and the probability of epidemic eradication. We assumed a high usage of ARV and three behavioural assumptions: that risky sex would (1) decrease, (2) remain stable, or (3) increase. Our estimated values of R(0)(ARV) (median and interquartile range [IQR]) were: 0.90 (0.85-0.96) if risky sex decreases, 1.0 (0.94-1.05) if risky sex remains stable, and 1.16 (1.05-1.28) if risky sex increases. R(0)(ARV) decreased as the fraction of cases receiving treatment increased. The probability of epidemic eradication is high (p=0.85) if risky sex decreases, moderate (p=0.5) if levels of risky sex remain stable, and low (p=0.13) if risky sex increases. We conclude that ARV can function as an effective HIV-prevention tool, even with high levels of drug resistance and risky sex. Furthermore, even a high-prevalence HIV epidemic could be eradicated using current ARV.     

Influence of interleukin-1 beta gene polymorphisms on the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke at young age in vivo and in vitro

In this study, by using vivo and vitro model, we assessed whether interleukin (IL)-1beta gene polymorphisms influence on the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke at young age. 147 patients (age < 45 years) with a first episode of MI and 56 patients (age < 45 years) with first-ever cerebral ischemia consecutively were admitted to this study from the Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital. Meanwhile, 91 normal volunteers without MI or stroke were deeded as control group and greed to give blood samples for DNA analysis and biochemical measurements by written informed consent. IL-1β-511 wild type (WT, CC) and SNP (TT) were established and transfected into Rat myocardial H9c2 cell and Mouse brain endothelial bEND.3 cells. In Young Age MI or stroke patients, the IL-1β levels of patients with 511CC are higher than that of patients with 511TT. In our study, NF-κB miRNA, iNOS activity, NF-κB, iNOS and Bax protein expressions of MI-induced H9c2 cell or stroke-induced bEND.3 cells in IL-1β-511TT group were lower than those of IL-1β-511CC. Additionally, the protein expression of MMP-2 of MI-induced H9c2 cell or stroke-induced bEND.3 cells in IL-1β-511TT group were higher than that of IL-1β 511CC group. In conclusion, our data indicate that IL-1β-511TT/CC influence on the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke at young age through NF-κB, iNOS, MMP-2 and Bax.